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Interactive Grade 11 Science Ecology & Human Impact Test

Science · Grade 11 · 15 questions · 10 min

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Ecology & Human Impact

The term 'umbrella species' in conservation biology refers to a species whose:

A.Conservation directly protects a large number of other species because its habitat requirements encompass those of many co-existing speciesB.Presence indicates high overall ecosystem health and is therefore used as a biological indicatorC.Removal from an ecosystem causes a disproportionate collapse of food web structure relative to its abundanceD.Wide geographic range makes it the most suitable species for international conservation agreements

In the context of environmental impact assessment (EIA), which of the following best describes the precautionary principle?

A.Development should proceed only after full scientific certainty of no environmental harm has been establishedB.Where there is a credible threat of serious or irreversible environmental harm, lack of complete scientific certainty should not be used as a reason to postpone preventive measuresC.Environmental decisions should always favour economic development unless a species is already listed as extinctD.The precautionary principle requires that all industrial projects be halted until a 10-year environmental study is completed

Which of the following most accurately describes the ecological concept of 'succession to a climax community'?

A.A rapid, human-induced replacement of native species by introduced species until a stable introduced-species community formsB.The gradual directional change in species composition over time until a stable, self-sustaining community is reached that is in equilibrium with local climate and soilsC.A sudden shift in ecosystem state caused by a catastrophic disturbance that permanently alters species compositionD.The cyclical replacement of species in a community driven by seasonal temperature and rainfall changes

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